Wu 吳 |
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The territories of Eastern Wu (in green), AD 262 | ||||
Capital | Wuchang (222-229, 265-266) Jianye (229-265, 266-280) |
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Language(s) | Chinese | |||
Religion | Taoism, Confucianism, Chinese folk religion | |||
Government | Monarchy | |||
Emperor | ||||
- 229 - 252 | Sun Quan | |||
- 252 - 258 | Sun Liang | |||
- 258 - 264 | Sun Xiu | |||
- 264 - 280 | Sun Hao | |||
Historical era | Three Kingdoms | |||
- Establishment | 229 | |||
- Sun Quan declares himself emperor | 229 | |||
- Conquest of Wu by Jin | 280 | |||
Population | ||||
- est. | 10,000,000 | |||
Currency | Chinese coin, Chinese cash |
Eastern Wu | |||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 東吳 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 东吴 | ||||||
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Sun Wu | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 孫吳 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 孙吴 | ||||||
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Eastern Wu, also known as Sun Wu, was one the three states competing for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period after the fall of the Han Dynasty. It was based in the Jiangnan (Yangtze River Delta) region of China. During its existence, its capital was at Jianye (建業; present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu), but at times it was also at Wuchang (武昌; present-day Ezhou, Hubei).
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During the final years of the Han Dynasty, the Wu region - in the south of the Yangtze River surrounding present-day Nanjing - was under the control of the warlord Sun Quan. Sun Quan succeeded his brother Sun Ce as the lord over the Wu region paying nominal allegiance to Emperor Xian of Han (who was, at that point, under the control of Cao Cao). Unlike his competitors, he did not really have the ambition to be Emperor of China. However, after Cao Pi of Cao Wei and Liu Bei of Shu Han each declared themselves emperor, Sun Quan decided to follow suit in 229, claiming to have founded the Wu Dynasty.
Sun Quan's long reign resulted in the stabilizing of the south. Wu and Shu had a military alliance, to defeat Wei in the north. Wu never managed to gain territory north of the Yangtze River, but Wei never managed to take territory south of the river.
Wu was finally conquered by the Jin Dynasty in 280, which marked the reunification of China at the end of the Three Kingdoms period.
Under the rule of Wu, the Yangtze River Delta region, regarded in early history as a barbaric "jungle" developed into one of the commercial, cultural, and political centers of China. Within five centuries, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, the development of southern China centered around Jiangnan had surpassed that of the north. The achievements of Wu marked the beginning of the cultural and political division between northern and southern China that would repeatedly appear in Chinese history well into modernity.
The island of Taiwan may have been first reached by the Chinese during the Three Kingdoms period. Contact with the native population and the dispatch of officials to an island named "Yizhou" (夷州) by the Wu navy might have been to Taiwan, but the location of Yizhou is open to dispute; some historians believe it was Taiwan, while others believe it was the Ryukyu Islands.
Province | Provincial capital | Commandery | Commandery capital | No. of counties |
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Yang 揚 |
Jianye 建業 |
Danyang 丹陽 |
Jianye 建業 |
16 |
Wu 吳 |
Wu County 吳縣 |
10 | ||
Qichun 蘄春 |
Qichun 蘄春 |
2 | ||
Kuaiji 會稽 |
Shanyin County 山陰縣 |
10 | ||
Yuzhang 豫章 |
Nanchang 南昌 |
16 | ||
Lujiang 廬江 |
Wan County 皖縣 |
2 | ||
Luling 廬陵 |
Gaochang County 高昌縣 |
10 | ||
Poyang 鄱陽 |
Poyang County 鄱陽縣 |
9 | ||
Xindu 新都 |
Shixin County 始新縣 |
6 | ||
Linchuan 臨川 |
Nancheng County 南城縣 |
10 | ||
Linhai 臨海 |
Zhang'an County 章安縣 |
7 | ||
Jian'an 建安 |
Jian'an County 建安縣 |
9 | ||
Wuxing 吳興 |
Wucheng County 烏程縣 |
9 | ||
Dongyang 東陽 |
Changshan County 長山縣 |
9 | ||
Piling 毗陵典農校尉 |
Piling County 毗陵縣 |
3 | ||
South Luling 廬陵南部都尉 |
Yudu County 雩都縣 |
6 | ||
Jing 荊 |
Jiangling 江陵 |
Nan 南 |
Jiangling 江陵 |
9 |
Wuling 武陵 |
Linyuan County 臨沅縣 |
11 | ||
Lingling 零陵 |
Quanling County 泉陵縣 |
10 | ||
Guiyang 桂陽 |
Chen County 郴縣 |
6 | ||
Changsha 長沙 |
Linxiang County 臨湘縣 |
10 | ||
Wuchang[1] 武昌 |
Wuchang County 武昌縣 |
6 | ||
Ancheng 安成 |
Ancheng County 安成縣 |
6 | ||
Pengze 彭澤 |
Pengze County 彭澤縣 |
4 | ||
Yidu 宜都 |
Yidao County 夷道縣 |
3 | ||
Linhe 臨賀 |
Linhe County 臨賀縣 |
6 | ||
Hengyang 衡陽 |
Xiangnan County 湘南縣 |
10 | ||
Xiangdong 湘東 |
Ling County 酃縣 |
6 | ||
Jianping 建平 |
Wu County 巫縣 |
6 | ||
Tianmen 天門 |
Lüzhong County 漊中縣 |
3 | ||
Zhaoling 昭陵 |
Zhaoling County 昭陵縣 |
5 | ||
Shi'an 始安 |
Shi'an County 始安縣 |
7 | ||
Shixing 始興 |
Qujiang County 曲江縣 |
7 | ||
Guang 廣 |
Panyu 番禺 |
Nanhai 南海 |
Panyu County 番禺縣 |
6 |
Cangwu 蒼梧 |
Guangxin County 廣信縣 |
11 | ||
Yulin 鬱林 |
Bushan County 布山縣 |
9 | ||
Gaoliang 高涼 |
Siping County 思平縣 |
3 | ||
Gaoxing 高興 |
Guanghua County 廣化縣 |
5 | ||
Guilin 桂林 |
Wu'an County 武安縣 |
6 | ||
North Hepu 合浦北部尉 |
Anguang County 安廣縣 |
3 | ||
Jiao 交 |
Longbian 龍編 |
Jiaozhi 交阯 |
Longbian 龍編 |
14 |
Rinan 日南 |
Zhuwu 朱吾 |
5 | ||
Jiuzhen 九真 |
Xupu 胥浦 |
6 | ||
Hepu 合浦 |
Hepu County 合浦縣 |
5 | ||
Wuping 武平 |
Wuning 武寧 |
7 | ||
Jiude 九德 |
Jiude 九德 |
6 | ||
Xinchang 新昌 |
Jianing 嘉寧 |
4 | ||
Zhuya 朱崖 |
Xuwen County 徐聞縣 |
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Posthumous names | Family (in bold) name and first names | Year(s) of reigns | Era names and their range of years |
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Chinese convention: family and first names, and less commonly "Wu" + posthumous name + "di" | |||
Emperor Da of Wu (Chinese: 大; pinyin: Dà) | Sun Quan (simplified Chinese: 孙权; traditional Chinese: 孫權; pinyin: Sūn Quán) | 222-252 | Huangchu (simplified Chinese: 黄武; traditional Chinese: 黃武; pinyin: Huángwǔ) 222-229 Huanglong (simplified Chinese: 黄龙; traditional Chinese: 黃龍; pinyin: Huánglóng) 229-231 |
Prince of Kuaiji (simplified Chinese: 会稽王; traditional Chinese: 會稽王; pinyin: Kuaìjī Wáng) | Sun Liang (simplified Chinese: 孙亮; traditional Chinese: 孫亮; pinyin: Sūn Liàng) | 252-258 | Jianxing (simplified Chinese: 建兴; traditional Chinese: 建興; pinyin: Jiànxīng) 252-253 Wufeng (simplified Chinese: 五凤; traditional Chinese: 五鳳; pinyin: Wǔfèng) 254-256 |
Emperor Jing of Wu (Chinese: 景; pinyin: Jǐng) | Sun Xiu (simplified Chinese: 孙休; traditional Chinese: 孫休; pinyin: Sūn Xiū) | 258-264 | Yong'an (Chinese: 永安; pinyin: Yǒngān) 258-264 |
Marquis of Wucheng (simplified Chinese: 乌程侯; traditional Chinese: 烏程侯; pinyin: Wūchéng Hóu) or Marquis of Guiming (simplified Chinese: 归命侯; traditional Chinese: 歸命侯; pinyin: Gūimìng Hóu) | Sun Hao (simplified Chinese: 孙皓; traditional Chinese: 孫皓; pinyin: Sūn Haò) | 264-280 | Yuanxing (Chinese: 元興; pinyin: Yuánxīng) 264-265 Ganlu (Chinese: 甘露; pinyin: Gānlù) 265-266 |
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